ABSTRACT
This research
aims to find out the factors affect degredation of life environment in Teluk
Benoa as a result of interaction of power in gaze of culture perspectife on
Michael Foucoult view of power concept. Qualitative method is applied in this research,
data collected by interview, observation and literature study. Based on
Foucaldien view, the negative effect of tourism development in Teluk Benoa such
as : water polution, wastage, air pollution are caused by dominant power of
economic which is played by agents as organic conservative in all causal
relations between local people, and tourist. The solution sugeseted is making
an effort for ballancing the relation between the organic intelectual
conservative and organic intelectual progressive
also supported by traditional intelectual. Educating the awareness of quality
environment and concept of sustainable tourism development concept on local
people are also sugested.
Keywords : Life
Environment, Power, Foucaldian View
Practices power in the development of tourism in bali shows how bali today. Power often seen in the development of tourism, often ditujukkan to the executive agency, legislature, judicial, media, academicians, traditional figure group traditional and a modern ( wirawan 2013 ), where in the relationship there are dominan-subdominan, atasan-bawahan, besar-kecil, menindas-tertindas, mempengaruhi-dipengaruhi. From the perspective of western, tourism often seen as individual decision of tourists. The relation between tourists and local people often considered as a relation between superiors and subordinate to, king and slave, or upper-class and the lower classes ( cheong and miller, 2000 ). Practices power of this kind is perceived in the phenomena of daily life.
Nevertheless, there are different views on the concept of power. Michael foucoult ( 1978 ) where the concepts of power spread everywhere and are everywhere, get support from knowledge and ( prasiasa, pertaining to the lore 2013 ). Based upon this view, and power is on each side of an offender ( chong, tourism and miller 2000 ).
However, when practices power is done perfectly in the concept of balance, then surely produce something perfect also. It is not the fact. Practices power in bali, esp. in matters of tourism shows it being imperfect. Various problems faced as a consequence of development of tourism intensively starting done since era 70 to date, ranging from problem socio-culture ( komodifikasi, akulturisasi, hegemony ) until the waste problem, congestion, abrasion the beach, ( dharma Putra, 2010 ) urbanization, unequal development.
Attention quite deep against bali as tourist destinations have been done since time penjajahanbelanda, characterized by building port air tuban in 1903 by departement voor verkeer en waterstaats. Bali got development priorities because it has got a visit foreign tourists long before the indonesian nation born ( sound indonesia in wijaya, 2012 ). Next in his address 16 august 1968, president suharto give priority development tourism in bali, considering exceptional potentials owned by bali. Ever since start construction in tourism done, such as by ( i ) emphasizing tourism culture as things to be developed, ( ii ) sub-precinct tourism has to distributed throughout island as to create fair distribution economy, ( iii ) strengthen cultural identity bali, in the sight of the indonesian people and international.
Narya (2010) institutionally, Bali tourism is managed by shipping company Netherlands (Koninklijk Paketvarrt Maatschupij) 1920, where at that time Bali was getting promoted as a tourist destination. Next SCETO in 1971 compiled a Bali tourism development masterplan, by setting the Sanur, Nusa Dua and Kuta as Tourist Resort.
To improve service to tourists, then during the 80-90s Government developed the area of Nusa Dua along BTDC (Bali Tourism Development Corporation), which is currently the area became the elite who are able to improve the image of Bali as an international tourist destination. This period was the golden age of tourism in Bali, which at the time it happened the balance between the number of rooms that were built with the number of tourists coming. All parties at the time felt the happiness of tourism development, because the principles of balance and harmony is already applied in the development of Balinese tourism (2008,2009,2010 Narya)
The success of tourism development at the time, invite the desire to keep% u2018membangun% u2019 tourism facilities, such as hotels, restaurants, shopping venues – whatever – which can be monetized immediately, without thinking of the concept of the balance of nature, environment and culture. As a result, could perceived negative effects of the current tourism development, such as: (i) the total of 91,070 abrasion 436 km long coastline, (ii) the critical land covering an area of 286.938 hectares, (iii) the air temperature rises reaching 33 degrees Celsius, (iv) the lowliest traffic congestion South of Bali, (v) plastic waste, air pollution (vi), (vii) flooding in Denpasar and Kuta area.
The gulf area benoa, having a strategic position in the bali, for being the gate bali from the sea and land, and into splints ecosystem bali, turns damaged environment, especially against water pollution the sea caused of the activity in port benoa and trashes from denpasar ( dharma son, 2010 ). Though has used iso 14001, which means using management environment integrated, nevertheless the fact cannot be denied that trashes still looks littered disana-sini, feculence oil along the beach, and port benoa that tampal chaotic and dirty.
So far so lively going on the pros and cons in society against government policies in the development of tourism in Bali, for example, (i) the construction of the Bali International Park, (ii) the construction of an International Airport in Buleleng, and (iii) Reclamation of Tanjung Benoa. These conditions show how dinamisnya the development of tourism on the island of Bali, where the very pronounced all actors play an active role in the development of tourism, from proletarian people, tourists, and brokers (Cheong and Miller, 2000) which includes Government as regulatory, entrepreneurs as the provider of infrastructure, supplier/supplier of tourists (tour operator).
Practices power in the development of tourism in bali shows how bali today. Power often seen in the development of tourism, often ditujukkan to the executive agency, legislature, judicial, media, academicians, traditional figure group traditional and a modern ( wirawan 2013 ), where in the relationship there are dominan-subdominan, atasan-bawahan, besar-kecil, menindas-tertindas, mempengaruhi-dipengaruhi. From the perspective of western, tourism often seen as individual decision of tourists. The relation between tourists and local people often considered as a relation between superiors and subordinate to, king and slave, or upper-class and the lower classes ( cheong and miller, 2000 ). Practices power of this kind is perceived in the phenomena of daily life.
Nevertheless, there are different views on the concept of power. Michael foucoult ( 1978 ) where the concepts of power spread everywhere and are everywhere, get support from knowledge and ( prasiasa, pertaining to the lore 2013 ). Based upon this view, and power is on each side of an offender ( chong, tourism and miller 2000 ).
However, when practices power is done perfectly in the concept of balance, then surely produce something perfect also. It is not the fact. Practices power in bali, esp. in matters of tourism shows it being imperfect. Various problems faced as a consequence of development of tourism intensively starting done since era 70 to date, ranging from problem socio-culture ( komodifikasi, akulturisasi, hegemony ) until the waste problem, congestion, abrasion the beach, ( dharma Putra, 2010 ) urbanization, unequal development.
Attention quite deep against bali as tourist destinations have been done since time penjajahanbelanda, characterized by building port air tuban in 1903 by departement voor verkeer en waterstaats. Bali got development priorities because it has got a visit foreign tourists long before the indonesian nation born ( sound indonesia in wijaya, 2012 ). Next in his address 16 august 1968, president suharto give priority development tourism in bali, considering exceptional potentials owned by bali. Ever since start construction in tourism done, such as by ( i ) emphasizing tourism culture as things to be developed, ( ii ) sub-precinct tourism has to distributed throughout island as to create fair distribution economy, ( iii ) strengthen cultural identity bali, in the sight of the indonesian people and international.
Narya (2010) institutionally, Bali tourism is managed by shipping company Netherlands (Koninklijk Paketvarrt Maatschupij) 1920, where at that time Bali was getting promoted as a tourist destination. Next SCETO in 1971 compiled a Bali tourism development masterplan, by setting the Sanur, Nusa Dua and Kuta as Tourist Resort.
To improve service to tourists, then during the 80-90s Government developed the area of Nusa Dua along BTDC (Bali Tourism Development Corporation), which is currently the area became the elite who are able to improve the image of Bali as an international tourist destination. This period was the golden age of tourism in Bali, which at the time it happened the balance between the number of rooms that were built with the number of tourists coming. All parties at the time felt the happiness of tourism development, because the principles of balance and harmony is already applied in the development of Balinese tourism (2008,2009,2010 Narya)
The success of tourism development at the time, invite the desire to keep% u2018membangun% u2019 tourism facilities, such as hotels, restaurants, shopping venues – whatever – which can be monetized immediately, without thinking of the concept of the balance of nature, environment and culture. As a result, could perceived negative effects of the current tourism development, such as: (i) the total of 91,070 abrasion 436 km long coastline, (ii) the critical land covering an area of 286.938 hectares, (iii) the air temperature rises reaching 33 degrees Celsius, (iv) the lowliest traffic congestion South of Bali, (v) plastic waste, air pollution (vi), (vii) flooding in Denpasar and Kuta area.
The gulf area benoa, having a strategic position in the bali, for being the gate bali from the sea and land, and into splints ecosystem bali, turns damaged environment, especially against water pollution the sea caused of the activity in port benoa and trashes from denpasar ( dharma son, 2010 ). Though has used iso 14001, which means using management environment integrated, nevertheless the fact cannot be denied that trashes still looks littered disana-sini, feculence oil along the beach, and port benoa that tampal chaotic and dirty.
So far so lively going on the pros and cons in society against government policies in the development of tourism in Bali, for example, (i) the construction of the Bali International Park, (ii) the construction of an International Airport in Buleleng, and (iii) Reclamation of Tanjung Benoa. These conditions show how dinamisnya the development of tourism on the island of Bali, where the very pronounced all actors play an active role in the development of tourism, from proletarian people, tourists, and brokers (Cheong and Miller, 2000) which includes Government as regulatory, entrepreneurs as the provider of infrastructure, supplier/supplier of tourists (tour operator).
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